This is the fourth sample article that conforms to the writing section requirements of the ECPE (Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English) of the University of Michigan.  My first post to deal with articles , explains what needs to be present in the piece of writing candidates compose. Examiners are looking for articles that elaborate on ideas and have solid arguments; are well organized; make use of a wide lexical and grammatical range; have an original ring to them (in other words,

This is the third sample article that conforms to the writing section requirements of the ECPE (Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English) of the University of Michigan.  Reading a variety of articles will help candidates and ESL students acquire a better understanding of what such types of writing involve. As mentioned in the first post to deal with articles , there are a number of points candidates need to bring to the table when it comes to writing. The main ones are: argumentation organization of paragraphs development of one's reasoning wide range of grammatical structures  lexical range  authorial voice Creating a solid piece of writing that will combine all these points requires a lot of hours spent reading

This is the second sample article I'm posting that conforms to the writing section requirements of the ECPE ( Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English) of the University of Michigan as of 2021. As seen in the first post to deal with articles , there are a number of points candidates need to bring to the table when it comes to writing. The main ones are: argumentation organization of paragraphs development of one's reasoning wide range of grammatical structures  lexical range  authorial voice   Don't forget to engage the reader from the start by including an apt title. As always, I refer you to the post that tells you what to take from these sample essays. If you haven't read it, click the image below:    Now, let's take a look at the topic, taken from  Practice Tests for the ECPE Book 1 (revised 2021 version) . The question is accompanied by the following writing prompts:

T he writing section of the ECPE ( Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English), administered by the University of Michigan, gives a choice between two topics.   In contrast with the previous post dealing with the ECPE writing section, this one offers a sample essay not article on the topic of online classes. To access the article for the same question, click on the image below.  

  Reminder on your Birthday   It was September 15, around 19.30 when she got the call. His voice sounded muffled, like when you’ve been to the dentist’s and have a cotton swab plugging a recently extracted wisdom tooth. The 14 th , the day before, celebrated the Holy Cross – Elevation of the Holy Cross in Eastern Orthodoxy to be more precise – a day she was told you should ponder the large burden or burdens you must bear that existentially challenge you. She couldn’t rightly say she had bore excessively backbreaking burdens because she always compared her difficulties to the worst kind faced by the disadvantaged, physically or mentally challenged, those whose childhoods had left indelible scars. No, her mind deleted most things, but here was a day when she sensed she’d have to carry a cross or two for a change.   “I’m in hospital, but I’m ok.” Road accident that could’ve cost him his life, but for now, fractured pelvis and a few cracked ribs to liven things up, scratches and brui

This is the fifth sample report (Task 1) which follows IELTS guidelines for the Writing section of the Academic Module.  The graph in this case deals with where people get their news from.  The sample written is much longer than what a candidate would have time to draft (over 300 words), but the reason for this is to give candidates more words to underline and add to their list of phrases to use in such types of writing tasks.   First, make sure to have read my post 

This is the third in our series of sample short story posts which could be part of classroom assignments or a B2-level English exam (e.g. First for Schools or the former FCE exam, ESB or LRN) which requires candidates to write a narrative of approximately 200 words.  Note that even at B1 level (for the Preliminary for Schools exam) such topics can be very effective. Remember to pay attention to the various elements a short story should have as you read it: dialogue, use of adjectives and adverbs to create atmosphere, use of the senses, organization of paragraphs, conflicts that heighten the action, narrator, and the like.  For further information, read my post Writing Stories: Where to Start . It should help you tackle a story from the ground up and make you aware of the

This is the fourth sample report (Task 1) which follows IELTS guidelines for the Writing section of the Academic Module.  This task does not refer to a graph or table, but deals with a diagram or map. Candidates in this case need to describe a process.  The diagrams in this post refer to the changes the town of Langley underwent by presenting an image of the town in 1910 and a second one in 1950. The sample written is much longer than what a candidate would have time to draft (over 300 words), but the reason for this is to give candidates more words to underline and add to their list of phrases to use in such types of writing tasks.   First, make sure to have read my post 

Continuing the series of sample writing tasks for English language examinations at B1 or B2 level, let's turn to informal or friendly letters and emails.  There are a number of informal letters that candidates are expected to know how to write, each of which focuses on a specific goal. The most common types of friendly letters or emails are: asking for information / news giving information /news asking for advice giving advice invitations accepting / refusing an invitation letters of apology congratulating someone thanking someone Many more kinds of letters/emails exist (job applications or letters of complaint), but they wouldn't fall under the category of informal writing.  In this post, the writing task requires candidates to draft a letter to a friend that gives him or her advice on a particular issue.

  This is a short letter of complaint aimed at helping ESL/EFL candidates at B2 level tackle a writing task which asks them to write a letter or email complaining about a product or service. Before you read any sample dealing with complaints, you might find it helpful to take a quick look at some useful phrases to include in these kinds of letters, which I gathered in an earlier post of mine (click on the image below) on how to write letters of complaint.

Letters of application are something everyone needs to know how to write. Whether they are sent by post (like in the good old days, when everything done needed some legwork) or via email, they are necessary gateways to landing a full-time, part-time or temporary job.  On some B2-level English examinations, most notably the FCE, now known as First for Schools, the main areas that need to be covered in such letters are five: 

ESL/EFL exams may contain writing tasks that require students to write a review of a film or book.  This is an example of a film review intended to give candidates and teachers a springboard for vocabulary exercises and discussions about the organization of reviews.  The topic dealt with in this post is the following: 

This is the second in our series of short story posts which could be part of a classroom assignment or a B2-level English exam (e.g. First for Schools or the former FCE exam, ESB or LRN) which requires candidates to write a narrative of approximately 200 words.  Remember to note the various elements a short story should have as you read it: dialogue, use of adjectives and adverbs to create atmosphere, use of the senses, organization of paragraphs, conflicts that heighten the action, narrator, and the like.  For further information, read my post Writing Stories: Where to Start . It should help you tackle a story from the ground up and make you aware of the different things that should be included so that the story is worth reading. The assignment or rubric is the following: 

  This is a sample short story based on a typical B2-level English exam (e.g. First for Schools or the former FCE exam, ESB or LRN) which requires candidates to write a narrative of approximately 200 words.    It is, naturally, appropriate for creative writing assignments as well -- especially early October, with Halloween right round the corner -- that should give students and teachers alike the opportunity to get ideas. Ideally, it should be used to show students and ESL / EFL exam candidates what is expected of them when they encounter this type of question, even though it is rather lengthier than required.    As you read, note the various elements a short story should have: dialogue, use of adjectives and adverbs to create atmosphere, use of the senses, organization of paragraphs, conflicts that heighten the action, narrator, and the like.    For further information, read my post Writing Stories: Where to Start . It should help you tackle a story from the ground up and make you awa

Writing stories for fun, for school or for English as a foreign language (EFL) exams.   Stories, or narratives, are a part of several English language examinations such as Cambridge's First for Schools (formerly known as the First Certificate in English or FCE for short), the Learning Resource Network's LRN and the English Speaking Board's ESB.  Apart from exams though, many students are asked to write a short story as a school assignment and find themselves in a bind.  Add to this crowd those who enjoy writing or want to put pen to paper in the hopes of entering a competition or becoming the next book-to-film adaptation tycoons, but don't know where the launchpad is. Well, this post hopes to get the creative juices flowing.  

2021 is the first year to see the new version of the ECPE exam. The major change in the Writing section of the Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English is undoubtedly the addition of an article and proposal alongside the essay.    Of course I'm leaving out the added time because teachers have already been training and candidates have already been trained to present a polished piece of writing in 35 minutes, so the added 10 minutes is a welcome bonus. The important thing to focus on is the entirely new genre students should become acquainted with. In this post, we'll be looking at a sample article.  

Examinations for the Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) are one of the most widely recognized English-language exams that certify one has mastered the language at C2 level (based on the Common European Framework of Reference or CEFR for languages).    It is not without apprehension that candidates sitting this exam prepare to tackle Paper 2 -- the dreaded Writing section.  This post will outline the various points candidates should keep in mind when dealing with the essay in Part 1 of Paper 2 and provide tips to help with the whole task through a step-by-step approach.  

Few books have the ability to astound readers with their portrayal of austere social conventions and ludicrous mores as Jane Austen’s masterpiece Pride and Prejudice does. Written a good many decades ago in a time that seems so far removed from ours that we question the logic behind wanting to read it in the first place, this 400-page novel is considered a novel of manners whose simple plot exposes more than the romantic story which it is clothed in would have readers believe.  

  The following sample letter has been written so that exam candidates for a B2 level English examination (FCE now called First for Schools, ECCE, IELTS - 5.5 / 6.0, MSU-CELC, ESB, LRN) can get some ideas about how to organize and argue their writing.  First take a look at how to use the sample essays and letters that appear on this blog by reading the following post: What do I do with the sample writing found on this blog? Remember: such topics can also be used to start class discussions, so teachers might also want to read on to get ideas about a class activity they could set up to improve students' oral skills. This particular question has been taken from a B2-level textbook preparing candidates for the Writing section of an English-language exam (particularly the FCE, now known as the B2 First or B2 First for Schools). In particular, this question deals with a transactional letter asking for information meaning that specific aspects need to

My two previous posts explained how to deal with two distinct types of oral examination questions as part of English-language certification qualifications. The first post gave some tips how to describe a person, place, object or activity while the second how to narrate past experiences or any kind of situations one may have had to deal with.     Though these types of questions are typically part of the English oral examination for the Michigan State University (MSU) certificate at C2 level, this as well as the two previous posts can be used to train candidates of other English-language examinations, be they B1, B2, C1 or C2-level exams. Based on experience, I have seen that helping a candidate develop fluency requires building up their ability to narrate and describe, so whether they are sitting the IELTS or CPE, the ECPE or LRN, LRN, TOEFL, BULATS, TIE, ECCE, FCE and so many others that are out there on the market, knowing how to describe and narrate is a must.   This post ther

In my last post , I talked about how to deal with oral exam questions that asked candidates of English-certification exams -- such as the the Michigan State University (MSU) exam -- to describe someone or something. The post and questions that accompanied it were meant to help C2-level candidates, but the same questions could easily be used to get B2-level exam takers to speak more. This post now deals with narrations, that is, questions which require candidates to speak about a past experience, a situation they had to endure or they enjoyed. As I said in my last post, the questions that follow can be used by students and teachers alike as discussion starters, so even if you are not planning to sit an exam, you might find this article useful in terms of improving your English. Prepare vocabulary associated with the topic, or think about using linking words to sequence your ideas. These are just two of the "activities" teachers can promote as they discuss these questi

The English oral examination for the Michigan State University (MSU) certificate at C2 level is a straight-forward affair if you know ahead of time what it is examiners might ask. This applies to all Speaking components of English-language certificate exams which means that the more varied the types of questions a candidate has knowledge of in advance, the more likely he or she is to stumble upon a similar question on the actual day of the test. Thinking about what answers could be given ahead of time and jotting down some ideas in note form lets candidates worry about finding the right words to use during the exam instead of searching for things to say, arguments to give, examples to support an opinion which they might even not have at that particular moment. This post therefore is not only geared towards those taking the MSU exam, but for candidates preparing for the IELTS, CPE, ECPE, ESB, LRN, TOEFL, PTE, BULATS, TIE, and similar tests whose list will doubtless increase with

This is the third sample report (Task 1) which follows IELTS guidelines for the Writing section of the Academic Module.  The graph in this case deals with three categories of gas emissions that contribute to air pollution. It is a longer report than what a candidate would have time to draft (230 words approximately), but the reason for this is to give candidates more words to underline and add to their list of phrases to use in such types of writing tasks.   You can begin by reading my post 

This is the second sample report (Task 1) which follows IELTS guidelines for the Writing section of the Academic Module. 

This, I hope, is the first of several sample reports to come. They follow the guidelines for the IELTS Task 1 writing section which asks candidates to write a summary of data presented in a graph or diagram.  Task 1 can therefore be seen as consisting of two subcategories of tasks:  a graph, chart, table or a diagram, map, image showing a process or object In this series of reports, I'll focus on the first type which deals with graphs so that candidates can see how facts can be grouped together and presented in an orderly manner.  You can begin by reading my post  

Etymology The word "chasm" is derived from the Greek word χάσμα (pronounced "hasma")(point of note: all words transferred into English from the Greek language changed the Greek " χ " to a " ch ", as in psychology , chronic , archaeology , etc.) and means abyss, an opening found on the earth's surface which is usually wide and deep. 

Writing at C2 level (Proficient User) on English language examinations is the same no matter the awarding body when it comes to writing essays. If you are a candidate giving an exam in English (IELTS, CPE, ECPE, CELP, LRN, ESB, TOEFL), make sure you read my earlier post What do I do with the sample writing found on this blog? to get the most out of the sample essays provided on Argute Legacy .   The topic of this essay is to discuss single versus multiple careers in addition to further education (how the former is becoming "old-fashioned"). If you are not taking an exam but need to discuss this topic, then read on and note down what you deem useful. If you intend to use this essay as part of an assignment, remember to paraphrase so as not to plagiarize.

Writing at C2 level (Proficient User) on English language examinations is the same no matter the awarding body when it comes to writing essays. If you are a candidate giving an exam in English (IELTS, CPE, ECPE, CELP, LRN, ESB, TOEFL), make sure you read my earlier post What do I do with the sample writing found on this blog? to get the most out of the sample essays provided on Argute Legacy .    The topic of this essay is to say to what extent you agree or disagree with the idea that richer nations should take more responsibility when it comes to helping poorer nations develop in terms of health, education and trade. If you are not taking an exam but need to discuss this topic, then read on and note down what you deem useful. If you intend to use this essay as part of an assignment, remember to paraphrase so as not to plagiarize.