In our previous essay-writing posts, we dealt with the the overall organization of an essay , the introductory paragraph , the main body paragraph's topic sentence , and lastly the supporting sentences of the main body. I stress once again, for those who haven't read my previous posts in this series, that the information contained within focuses mostly on English as a foreign language exam-type essay questions. This means the advice I give is there to help complete the Writing Section of an exam in approximately half an hour, so all parts of the essay have been whittled down to the bare essentials.  For those who need to work on longer papers of 400 words or more, simply follow the outline given but expand each section. Additionally, feel free to be more creative in adding more paragraphs to the introduction and conclusion. It is rarely possible to write over a paragraph for either the former or latter in an exam when time is pressing, but this is not case with ess...

Having discusse d the overall organization of an academic essay, the introductory paragraph and the topic sentence of main body paragraphs, let's ta ke a look at what we need to do to develop an argument .  As mentioned in the first article in this series, student s wr iting an essay as part of an assign ment or an ESL/EFL examination often find it difficult to elab orate on t he topic they have been given. One cause which can only be remedie d by reading newspapers, academic journals or discussin g current affairs and a variety of subjects with others, is a lack of ideas. The other is no t knowing how to expand an argument , but f ortunately this can be solved by putting into play the various types of supporting sentences available. Let's see what these six types of sentences are.

This is the third article in my essay-writing series which will clarify issues relating to the main body of an essay. In the two previous articles, I discussed the overall organization of an essay and how an introductory paragraph should be set down. I'd like to clarify once again that these articles can be useful to anyone who has to compose an essay but have main ly been aimed at giving test-takers a practical guide as to how they can manage to successfully complete the Writing Section of an EFL / ESL examination and so are in no way the definitive answer to all essay organization queries. Candidates who are studying to take the IELTS, MSU-CELC or CELP, ECPE, ECCE, ESB, LRN, TOEFL, CPE, FCE (First for Schools), PTE and need to write an essay in approximately half an hour can use the layout I propose to quickly structure their answer and not waste time having to come up with something more inventive.

In the first article in this series of posts, Essay Writing: The Overall Organization of an Essay , I pointed out what the general layout of an academic essay should look like. Today, we're going to see how the first paragraph of such an essay should be organized. By way of reminder, an entirely different organization is possible, but for the sake of helping exam takers sitting timed EFL (English as a foreign language and not the English Football League!) examinations, I stick to one particular style so that test-takers can focus on one kind of layout which should save time. Note also that I'm writing about academic essays and not letters or emails, reports, proposals, newspaper or magazine articles, or narratives. Those varieties of written work have their own traits and therefore need to be discussed in separate blog posts (which I hope to eventually address at some later time). But for now, let's get back to our academic essay introduction.

Let's bring different cases to the forefront and see if any of them fit the predicament you're in. Case 1: A teacher has told you to write an essay.  Case 2: You are preparing to sit an exam that determines your level of English and which includes a section that instructs you to write an academic essay. Case 3: You are a teacher who needs to explain how students should organize essays and aren't quite sure where to start from. All three of these cases have a common denominator called "essay" which needs to be tackled. What I've seen throughout the years is that students find the task of writing an essay daunting. The difficulties they tend to have are the following:

I've often found that students aren't taught how to write about literary texts. They attend a Literature course either in school or university, but their work is devoid of that little extra something that would make it commendable.  The reason for this is because either they haven't been told what work of this nature requires or because they haven't paid close attention to what their teachers or professors have expressly stated they base marks on.  Whatever the case may be, the following pointers should prove useful. If you're a student, make a checklist of the notes hereinafter and check them off when you reread your finished assignment. If you're a teacher, you can make a handout and go over the points in class at the beginning of the academic year.  Knowing what is expected of you will make your writing more to the point, show your knowledge of

This overview gives you the basics to letter and essay writing primarily required for the Examination for the Certificate in Competency in English (ECCE) awarded by the University of Michigan but can, nonetheless, be used for writing at B2 level for other ESL assessments as well. This b log post is a starting point to help teach candidates the tricks to passing a test at B2 level and a springboard for writing tasks at subsequent levels (C1 and C2).  In any case, some of the pointers mentioned herein are so crucial to writing in an academic environ ment that if you grasp them , then you can transfer them onto any type of writing you may be asked to produce , no matter the level or context. The first main area to cover has to do with general pointers: L earn to use set phrases from sample essays provided in self-study textbooks or found here (look under the B2 or ECCE labels or follow the link from the key words category under ' letter ', ' essay ' or ...